Liandong Stream (Golden Stream)

Liandong Stream (also known as Golden Stream or Jiufen Stream) is a mysterious waterway distinguished by a unique golden-yellow hue resulting from its high mineral content. The stream's characteristics and origins stem from surface water and abundant rainfall seeping into underground mining areas, where the water comes into contact with pyrite and enargite in the rock strata. Through redox reactions and catalysis by iron-oxidizing bacteria, highly acidic, mineral-rich water is formed. As the iron-rich water flows, it deposits a thick layer of yellowish-brown iron hydroxide onto the streambed rocks, giving the entire stream the appearance of a flowing "Golden Stream." The glittering golden hues—ranging from small flecks to larger patches—make it a favorite subject for photographers.